Universe and its components

The definition of the universe Changed our view of the universe a lot on the passage of centuries, especially in the last hundred years. In the old one was likely trend is that the universe is limited to the earth, sun, moon, five planets and a few thousand stars. Then changed the perception of the bench the other planets of the solar system, and then to the bench the rest of the stars of the galaxy, then the closest galaxies to the Milky Way ... The universe is currently a total of matter and energy, known and unknown. Observational level, the universe is the sum of galaxies, which is formed and its borders is a great and very well known at all. And model composition is an explosion took place after the initial expansion has led to the formation of stars and galaxies ... Although the scientists thought for many years that the universe will return to the contraction, the new discovery indicated that the universe is more than vice versa in the speed of expansion! And here we say that this branch of astronomy (cosmology) is constantly changing and there is no model accurately explains the final composition of the universe and its evolution. What is the Big Bang? This theory states that the universe began from a small point of a great power in excess of bones in our perception, exploded this energy, and within moments of taking the blast in the universe is formed on the contents of the raw materials for its construction. I took these materials from atoms of hydrogen and helium merger and the link and then configure the galaxies, then stars and planets were formed (and still consists). In the meantime, the universe was still in the case of expansion. Scientists have discovered the fact that the universe is expanding in the twentieth century, scientists have been saying that the universe is static does not expand or shrink, so that Einstein was forced to add to a mathematical equations number called: Cosmological Constant, or number cosmic hard to force the equation for a walk with what is thought At the time of sleep of the universe, but when scientists proved Edwin Hubble and Milton Hummesn in 1931 that the universe in the case of expansion, he said, then Einstein's cosmological constant from the figure that "the biggest mistake in my life." We have discovered that the universe in the case of ninths when he noticed two scientists Edwin Hubble and Milton Hummesn that galaxies (a group of stars and planets, we live in the Milky Way) in the case of divergence from our galaxy. It was also found that the general in the case of galaxies away from each other. This, if anything, shows that the universe is expanding. So that we can imagine this idea multiply this example: Imagine that the universe is a paste of bread dough and within the spherical beads watermelon dispersed randomly, when we put the dough in the oven starts lie on the dough, so you see that each grain of beans melons begin to stay away from the other. In order to understand the idea bring more balloons, and draw upon a set of points (labeled balloon is the universe and the points are galaxies), start inflating the balloon, you'll see that the points are moving away from each other, and the more the greater the breadth of the balloon after more points. This is what happens in the universe, exactly. To see what the Almighty God of the universe and whether static or in the case of expansion. God says in His Holy Book: "The sky we have built our hands and I Musaon" (Translation of 47). Here shows that God created the universe by his power, meaning "hands" here that God built the sky, with power of unspeakable. Here is a reference to bone formation in the universe first, and we compare the label named by scientists began to configure the universe (Big Bang), we find convergence of meanings, since the beginning of the creation of the universe but is a great untold amount. Then Allaah tells us about the state of the current universe, namely, that in the case of the breadth, and that God is responsible for this widening permanent. The planets and stars. What is the difference between the planets and stars: When hopes the sky on a cloudless night note a few thousand points of bright stars usually called. In fact, within these thousands of stars, it can, with some of the perseverance and standing observation, the discovery that a few of the "stars" do not follow the behavior of the rest of the stars. In fact, this "strange stars" are not only the nearest planets of the solar system to us! And where that most stars are forms almost constant (we will see in the coming quarters in the medium term, which change through these forms or galaxies: about a century to note the significant change with the naked eye, although it is possible to see minor changes in a few years the use of means of minutes), the positions of planets change in concrete forms for the stardom surrounding through only a few days. And this is what makes the ancient distinction between planets and stars since that time, and this despite not knowing that there is a factor as well as a natural distinction between planets and stars! STARS is a ball of immense size and mass is composed of gas (hydrogen gas per core) and a great producer of energy through nuclear fusion reactions (formation of helium by hydrogen fusion, and then configure coal, oxygen, iron ...) leakage of this energy is then in the middle of the ocean. Nur and the stars seen at night is only part of the optical energy produced in the heart of the stars, because stars radiate this energy in several forms: photons, particles ... And generate temperatures of millions of degrees Celsius in the layers inside While the planets is hard objects (such as land, for example) or gaseous (Kalmstrae for example) do not produce cold energy automatically by nuclear reactions, and for this they are sometimes also called cold objects. And the light that we receive from the planets of the solar system is a product of the reflection of sunlight on the surface! Planets do not have the cluster that can create pressure and temperature caffeine to generate nuclear fusion reactions. And a summary view is that the planets and stars differ in their infrastructure as a result of differences in the cluster (sun block is equal to about 1000 times the mass of Jupiter and about a million times the mass of the earth!) And therefore, stars produce energy by nuclear reactions while the planets is a rigid objects. It is also no difference between the planets and the stars of the observational side, as can be seen a significant change in the position of planets for stars within a few days only. Planets or asteroids Planets is a group of asteroids orbiting the sun in an orbit between the orbits of Mars and Jupiter. It is a small size so that the amount of sunlight reflected by the very weak, and so have not been discovered only by chance at the beginning of the nineteenth century. And required the use of binoculars and a method for regular monitoring of the discovery of these asteroids. Scientists now know and a few thousand of these asteroids, especially the largest of them and the easiest to Akchavhyap the emergence of stars and planets The star begins his life as a cloud of nebulous consisting mostly of light gases, such as hydrogen and helium, and then begin the cloud initial shrinking inward by the attraction gravitational, and so are the temperature and increasing compression of gases in the inside to the extent that explode him interactions of nuclear fusion which is working to power generation heavy radiation in the interior, working to stop the cloud contraction and balance in the form of Football gaseous self-radiation is known as "star-Waleed." And be the star newborn in the usual giant big up size to the equivalent of hundreds of millions of times the breadth of the sun, and the surface temperature is usually low, tends to color a reddish-known giant red, and successively shrinking the star and thus raising the temperature of the surface and gradually changes color from red to yellow and then to white and then to blue. And the sun a yellow stars that reach the surface temperature to about 6000 Celsius, while the low temperature red stars to range between 3500-4000 Celsius. While the surface temperature reaches white stars to 10.000 Celsius, while the roofs of blue stars is up to 25000 C in the Mediterranean. It is similar to the difference in the colors of the stars with the change in the color of a piece of iron when heated, high temperature gradually, starting with red and then turned yellow after increasing the heat then turns to a white Valozark Bhetwaly temperature rise in heating. And changing the size of the star during its development and progress in life, In the beginning, be a giant star and then shrink to a size close to the size of the sun, and you know these stars, the sun, a recent oral steroid be the vast majority of the stars. The exploding stars like the sun, which is composed raging stars (Nova) then shrink to white dwarf stars (White Dwarfs). The stars heavier than the sun exploding stars composed of the type supernova (Supernova), then shrinks to neutron stars (Neutron Star) or black holes (Black Hole). And the stars, dwarf stars atrophic The neutron stars and radio radiation it may Sini spring, while not issued any radiation from black holes because of the great attraction that captures the light of them. Was composed of the stars children of the planets and moons where lead collisions between stars after its inception to be debris orbiting stars in the form of planets and moons and objects meteorites, may arise planets from the remains of debris nebular who are from the star or due to the emergence of the tongues of material released from the body of the star modern configuration where break those tabs soft and cool-digit number of the planets at different distances from the parent star, and you know this system the group asterisk. And our solar system but one of these groups deployed in the universe, which begun to reveal its existence through the use of techniques of modern astronomy such as the impact force of gravity of these planets on the brightness of stars captured by the. In general, changing physical and chemical properties and equilibrium of the star through the various stages of life, which may extend to more than ten thousand million years, our sun and only a star center, which is characterized by balance and stability, which is reflected on the stability of life on Earth. And not surprisingly, that the sun in the middle-aged, who went from nearly 4.6 thousand million years, and this is what distinguishes it from the newly formed stars, which are characterized by non-equilibrium and stability in their properties. In spite of the enormous number of stars, which are difficult counted so far, given the breadth of the infinite universe, which he described Alcalamp Einstein universe limited, but infinite, could not scientists so far from proving the existence of planets other than Earth in our solar system and beyond, the ingredients of life required for subsistence rights by a free man, take a breath of air and tells of the thirst and draws its water from the industry and fruit. In fact, if what we discussed the possible existence of Earth-like planets of their constituents and the conditions that suit human life, animals and plants, we find that this possibility is subject to too many factors to the extent which reduces the occurrence of these planets humanity as often as expected in the universe around us. This is what draws our attention to what the Holy Quran referred to the existence of a limited number of Earth-like planets, which identified the Almighty seven Oradin only in saying the Almighty. What is the universe? Since ancient times, and people are looking towards the heavens with surprise and amazement. And before that understand nothing about what they were seeing, worship the sun and the moon and the planets as gods. And when he knew the irregular movements of objects in astronomy, a measure they have taken and the basis for calendars. And on a clear night you can see a large number of stars, and although it looks small as entry points of light. It is in fact a large spherical objects launches a great amounts of light and heat, is what it looks small to us because it is millions of kilometers away from us. So Vafilkjon not measure cosmic distances in kilometers, but in years of light. And light-year is the distance crossed by light years. And equal to about 9 million million km. And the nearest star to the sun is (near Centaurus) away from us more than 4 light-years, and the star (sin goose) it keeps us approximately 650 light-years away. There are stars much larger than others, and some other brighter greatest either because it called for more light or to its proximity to us. And the light they emit a different color stars. Valndjem which seems red is the coldest of the star closest to the white blue. And most important star to us is the sun and release light yellow, and seems to us relatively large, although in fact much smaller and less brighter than other stars .. In spite of the stars are very far from each other, they are located in clustered called [galaxies]. And the sun is one of the millions of stars that can not be counted and that make up our own [Milky Way]. And can sometimes see a section of the bar extended faint galaxy of stars in astronomy. This tape is the Milky Way, and could be stars in the galaxy divided into smaller groups or constellations are astronomical images that define forms. And help the most glamorous towers such as the [constellation Jabbar] in the location of constellations or stars at least brighter. The galaxy is very large and you need a spacecraft to 100000 light years to cross. In order to reach the vehicle to the nearest galaxy is a galaxy of us, and [Andromeda] necessary million years old. The galaxy is one of thousands of millions of galaxies and the whole shape and size vary from each other. There are also in a large space also drag of gas and dust called [nebulae], and thus the universe consists of galaxies and nebulae, and the vacuum between them. And the definition of the galaxy can be summarized as Galaxy star system was connected and proceeding according to certain systems, and moving in space as a single movement with different internal structure. Galaxy consists of billions of stars and planets and comets and meteorites as well as cosmic dust and gases [mainly hydrogen] and cosmic clouds, some of which revolve around some and linked by the ability of the Creator, making them attractive and a great cohesive unit. And there are millions of galaxies in the universe. And spread of these galaxies are moving in space. And Astronomers say that the solar system is only a small part of the Milky Way galaxy. And Astronomers estimated the number of stars in our galaxy, say that the number of about 100000 million stars, and it takes light to go a distance from the tip the galaxy to the other party one hundred thousand years, and the thickness of the broken light in the middle ten thousand years. And we do not know the size of the universe, but we know that galaxies are moving away from each other at speeds great. If Falcon grows Kmentad swell. And many astronomers believe that this expansion has been going on origins of the universe perhaps seven thousand million years old, and have formed stars and planets very slowly. And the star is called light and heat over millions of years and then fade in its light and dying, and at the same time made other stars from gas clouds. Almighty God said: ((and for them the night: We withdraw therefrom the Day, if they are in darkness and the sun are to have a stable estimation of Aziz al-Hakim and the moon We have appointed mansions until he returned Kaerjon old is not for the sun to overtake the moon, and no night outstrip the day, and all floating in an orbit )) Sura Yasin from verse 37-40 * Site ground of the universe Until recent years was the earth's population consider themselves to be shackled to the floor alone, but today. And after that toured rights in the space that surrounds the land and put his feet on the moon. We can now say that the man was left tied to land only. But has become a pioneer of space as well. And see the man through images from the spacecraft and satellites Rights concluded that the earth is a small body moving in the space between an infinite number of celestial bodies and may not be the size of the ground for the fact that more than a grain of sand for land. And we can be aware of the distances between the planets and in particular between the sun and the Earth and the Earth and nearby stars. Consists of the universe at its content offline, and the ability of scientists, the 5% ordinary matter stars and planets, gases and cosmic dust, and 25% dark matter yet to be discovered and 70% dark energy is assumed to have a mass according to the equation relative Einstein (E = mc2).) That express Categories mass energy. Falcon, as they say, dominated by a strong dark energy and dark matter and energy optical detection parts visible universe. Dark energy is repulsive force everywhere make their universe. This force is not pushing against the force of gravity, but only her head spin cycles quickly spiral. While linking gravity planets, stars and galaxies together gently and relentlessly, we find that the dark force pushing galaxies away from each other to accelerate the pace of its maximum throughout the space. Falcon at the beginning was the soup consists of a dark, dark energy and dark matter and ordinary matter. Dark matter Components of the universe Which is composed of dark matter? . No one knows. Unlike what we know about ordinary matter that we see around us. We find democracy atoms consist of protons and electrons and neutrons. Has come to our mind the question salt on the difference between dark energy and dark matter. Are they energy dark matter, and considered the same thing?. Outbuilding dark energy appears to be dependent on the brightness of the light of supernovae superpower very far which refers to the mysterious force that appears to us that the universe is expanding, particularly The new discoveries have provided astronomers with evidence of good among them, that there is a force moving towards the outside of the system called the cosmic cosmological constant or dark energy. Information about the rotation of galaxies between us that the outer parts of the universe spin rotation by the internal parts. These physical data that there is an overwhelming sense that there's a spherical distribution of matter in each galaxy so that Anraha. This refers to the presence of the umbrella of the g particles may be strange or Nujomhaibp Alsgrldrjp finite number and can not be ignited. And away from the controversy about this dark matter that does not guide scientists to essence. Gul could be measured by monitoring the dimensions of bone distant supernovae and cosmic background Almikrowivip (background microwave Cosmic). This is what has done recently, measurements showed the presence of energy and matter Almazmutain. Dark energy is becoming a reality that can not be the one to interpret, but scientists know the impact. But despite these hypotheses remains the question about this article invisible and mysterious Egged clear answer, especially for scientists and they are everywhere in the universe. But they could not understand until now. However, the supernova that glow there is between the explosive power of the mysterious universe work against the attraction of gravity, making galaxies fly away from each other rapidly in space. Finally .. We find that 95% of the universe is still mysterious and unknown to us. And will continue to drive energy away into the unknown universe. But he will remain subject to the hegemony of the superpowers even face the mysterious fate during the next billions of years to become KUNA boring and cold, and thinner in density than it is now. With this .. Scientists are still looking for that deep look spineless and blurry vision. Photovoltaic Energy When he broke scientists space telescopes giant above-ground or space, they noticed light energy emitted by celestial bodies. They shot them Radiology electro-magnetic electromagnetic radiation that comes in the form of waves, longitudinal waves radio (the longest of these waves in length), and infra-violet, and ordinary light, and UV and X-rays and gamma rays (shorter length of these waves. The highest form of energy). Some of these rays visually see the eyes like light, which is a visible light energies. And galaxies, stars and celestial bodies and the rest of the trees above the ground, what you feel every eye, a glow card this longitudinal waves. But in recent decades. Researchers became more convinced the presence of large quantities of material in the universe to Atadhae not glow. And became the most scientists Batkaddon in the presence of mysterious dark matter that accounts for 90% or more of the total mass of the universe. The Elmejrati cluster, which includes many thousands of galaxies, it shows the effects of gravity, which explain the existence of a hidden dark matter does not see within this cluster. Darkened because this article to Aionnbos them enough energy to be perceived directly. The researchers were able to note their presence indirectly. Because anything that has mass. And must be attractive to him. For this dark matter has the force of gravity pulling the (attractive) for the objects in and around distant galaxies. So that the light emitted which attracted strong appeal. . It is these effects by measuring the mysterious, the scientists were able to appreciate the gravity of excess in these galaxies.